树突状细胞相关凝集素受体1和2在真菌免疫领域的研究进展

DC-associated C-type lecxin -1 and DC-associated C-type lecxin -2 in antifungal dfences

树突状细胞相关凝集素受体1和2（Dectinl和2）是2C型凝集素受体家族（CLR）的重要成员，作为模式识别受体（PRRs），其有效地识别病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs）；Dectin-1识别β-葡聚糖，通过自身免疫受体络氨酸激活基序（ITAM）向胞内转导信号；Dectin-2识别α-甘露聚糖，通过耦联FcRγ链上的ITAM结构转导信号。ITAM招募并激活非受体络氨酸蛋白激酶（Syk），后者激活MAPKs或介导CARD9-Malt1-Bcl10复合体组装，激活核因子-κB（NF-κB），诱导合成炎症因子等一系列细胞活动。其配体β-葡聚糖和甘露聚糖都是真菌细胞壁的主要成分。近年来研究表明，Dectin-1和Dectin-2受体在真菌免疫防御中具有重要作用。

DC-associated C-type lectin-1 and 2 （Dectin-1 and Dectin-2） are pivotal C-type lectin family members, both of them function as pattern recognition receptors （PRRs） to initiate innate and adaptive immunity by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns （PAMPs）. Dectin- recognizes β-glucans and signals with its cyoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif （ITAM）-like motif, whereas Dectin- 2 recognizes α-mannans and signals through association with the ITAM-containing Fc receptor γ chain. Upon ligand ligation, spleen tyrosine kinase （Syk） is recruited to the ITAM. Syk mediates the activation of MAPKs; or induces the formation of the CARD9-Maltl-Bc110 complex, resulting in the activation of nuclear factor-KB （NF-κB）. Recert studies indicate that Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 play important roles in immune defense against fungi.