人工毛竹林土壤的水文生态效应

HYDROLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE SOIL IN PHYLLOSTACHYS PUBESCENS PLANTATION

本文研究了人工毛竹林土壤的容重、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、贮水容量等土壤物理性质在小流域内随坡位和土层深度变化的规律及入渗性能随坡位的变化规律。并与同一地点的人工杉木林、阔叶混交林进行了比较。研究表明,当取各点0—60cm均值时和取各土层均值时,土壤物理性质在小流域内的空间分布规律相当明显,但入渗性能随坡位的变化规律则不很明显。人工毛竹林具有优良的森林水文功能。就所研究小流域内各测点的平均值而言,0—60cm土层的贮水容量为430.44mm,最大有效贮水容量为312.73mm,均大于杉木林和阔叶林;干旱条件下用双环法测定的10℃水温时的初渗速度为29.10mm/min,稳渗速度为8.28mm/min,都大于杉木林而小于阔叶混交林;入渗速度衰退参数为0.2391,介于杉木林和阔叶林之间。

The variation rules of physical soil properties of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) plantation, such as bulk density, capillary porosity, noncapillary porosity, total porosity, water storage capacity, along with slope site and soil depth in small watershed, and the variation rules of infiltration characteristics along with slope site were researched in this paper. And the comparisons among Moso bamboo plantation and Chinese fir plantation and natural mixed broad-leaved tree forest in the same location were made. Results showed that, when we used the index of average of 0—60 cm soil column for each tested point and the index of average of each soil layer, the spatial variation rules of physical soil properties in researched small watershed were quite clear, but the variation rules of infiltration characteristics along with slope site are not very clear. The Moso bamboo plantation has an excellent forest hydrological function. To the researched small watershed, in the term of average of all tested points, the water storage capacity of 0—60 cm column was 430.44 mm, the maximum effective water storage capacity was 312.73 mm, which are higher than those of Chinese fir and broad-leaved tree forest; When the water temperature was 10℃ and the soil was in very drought condition, the double-ring method measured initial infiltration rate was 29.10 mm/min, the final infiltration rate was 8.28 mm/min, which are higher than those of Chinese fir and lower than those of mixed broad-leaved tree forest; The declining parameter of infiltration rate was 0.2391, which is between that of Chinese fir and that of broad-leaved tree forest.