水肥耦合对冬小麦产量及其构成因素的影响

Combining Influence of Irrigation and Fertilizer on Grian Yield and Its Components of Winter Wheat

为了解不同水、肥条件下冬小麦的光合特性及产量变化,2009-2011年在洛阳农林科学院以洛旱2号小麦为材料,采用防雨棚池栽种植方式,研究了不同灌水量、施氮和施磷量及其互作对冬小麦产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:灌水量对冬小麦产量及其构成因素的调控效应极显著(P≤0.01)。随灌水量增加,总茎数及最终成穗数增加,越冬及拔节期总茎数在灌水量282.0mm时最大,2a平均分别为715.6万、965.9万茎/hm2,最终成穗数在灌水量308.5mm时最大,2a平均值为403.0万穗/hm2;穗粒数及产量在灌水量308.5mm时达最大,2a平均分别为29.2粒和5 934.0kg/hm2,千粒重在灌水量282.0mm时最大,2a平均值46.3g。在施氮量30.8～179.2kg/hm2,总茎数随施氮量增加呈上升趋势;产量在0～105.0kg/hm2间呈增加趋势。从水肥耦合的效应看,N179.2P126W282处理组合对总茎数的调控效应较大,产量以N105P42W308.5处理组合最大,千粒重以N30.8P126W282处理组合最大。

The winter wheat cultivar Luohan 2 was used in the field experiment conducted in Luo-yang under rain-shelter condition during 2009--2010 and 2010--2011 cropping seasons. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effects of irrigation and nitrogen/phosphorus fertili- zation on grain yield and its components of winter wheat in the semiarid region of west Henan province. The experiment was a factorial combir/ation of 5 irrigation, nitrogen and phosphorus application rates,each in 3 replicas. The results indicated that irrigation had significant effects on grain yield and its components （P≤0. 01） of winter wheat. Both the culm population and ear number increased with the enhance of irrigation amount. The culm population at wintering and jointing stage got the largest values （715.6×10^4 and 965.9× 10^4 per hectare,respectively） in irrigation treatment of 282.0 ram,and ear number reached the highest value （403.0×10^4 per hectare,averaged for two years＇ data） at irrigation amount of 308.5 mm. Grain number per ear and grain yield reached the highest values （29.2 grains and 5 934.0 kg/ha,respectively） at irrigation amount of 308.5 ram, while thousand kernel weight （TKW） got the highest value （46.3 g） at ir- rigation amount of 282.0 ram. The culm population increased with the nitrogen application im- provement from 30.8 kg/ha to 179.2 kg/ha. Grain yield increased when nitrogen application in-creased from 0 kg/ha to 105.0 kg/ha. The treatment N179.2 P126 Wzsz obtained the largest culm popu- lation,the treatment N105 P42 Wa08.5 got the largest values for grain yield, and the treatment Nao. 8 Plz6 Wzsz had the highest TKW.