凉风坳亚热带次生常绿阔叶林土壤种子库和种子雨的特征研究

Primary research on the soil seed bank and seed rain of semi-tropical evergreen-broadleaf forests in LiangFengao of Sichuan

选择四川省沐川县凉风坳亚热带次生常绿阔叶林为研究对象,在2004年5月、2004年12月和2005年5月对其林下土壤种子库、种子雨以及种子天然萌发状况等方面进行系统调查及分析研究。结果显示,种子下落前后土壤种子库储量,变动为643.2～889.2粒.m-2,物种和种子密度多年生草本物种均占优势。天然林土壤种子库Shannon-Wiener指数均在2004年5月最大,2004年12月次之,2005年5月最小;Simpson指数却和Shannon-Wiener指数H'的变化趋势相反;Pielou均匀度指数在2004年12月有所降低,此后又升高。种子均呈明显垂直分布,其中0～2 cm土层种子数量最多,其次是枯枝落叶层,其数量随着土层加深而降低。土壤种子库年输入活力种子142.3粒.m-2,年输出活力种子268.9粒.m-2,动物取食是造成种子损失的主要原因。对照人工林土壤种子库物种和密度均低于天然林地;种子库与地上植被物种相似性系数,人工林较高,而天然次生常绿阔叶林较低。

The soil seed banks, seed rain and natural germination are the main constructive parts of the forestry eco-system, which make an indispensable contribution to the vegetation regeneration, succession and diffusion. However, there are little information available for this. In the present study, semi-tropical evergreen-broad leaf forests in Muchuan of Sichuan basin in China were studied on the soil seed bank, seed rain and the germination of the seeds in the soil seed bank under natural conditions before and after the seed＇ s falling. Furthermore, the factors influencing the soil seed bank were evaluated. The density of the seed banks including 22 leading species arranges 643.2 - 889. 2 ind · m^-2 along with time. The soil seed banks in all sample sites were dominated by perennial herbaceous species in terms of species richness and density. Shannon-Wiener index decreased with time, Simpson index showed the reverse trend compared with the Shannon-Wiener index. Pielou index decreased in December, 2004 and then increased in May, 2005. The density of soil seed banks decreased with the depth of the soil layer. It was found that seeds at the litter layers were shorter than that in the superficial soil layer （0 - 10 cm）, however,most seeds of the arbor trees existed at the litter layers. The species richness and density of soil seed bank in the control plantations were significantly lower than that in studied forests. The seed input each year in the studies forests were 142.3 ind · m^-2, the output of the valid seeds each year were 268.9 ind·m^-2 Preying were the main factors resulting in the seed loss. The species similarity between the seed bank and the above ground vegetation were low but that in control plantations were high.