汉语中的“使动—被动”式领主属宾结构

The Causative-Passive PSPO Construction in Chinese

本文在生成语法原则与参数的理论背景下讨论现代汉语中如"张三拔了一颗牙"这一类被动态的"领主属宾"结构。我们把汉语中的此类结构分析为无被动标记的隐性被动结构。此类结构与英语中带使役动词get或have的被动句("get-被动"结构)在句法语义上存在共性。基于对英语中"get-被动"结构的句法分析,我们认为汉语的隐性被动结构是经过动词连续移位后形成的一种特殊的"使动-被动"结构,而英语和汉语在此类结构上表现出来的区别可以归结于两种语言在时限参数上不同的特征值。

This paper discusses the ＂Possessor-subject-and-Possessee-object＂ （PSPO） construction in Mandarin Chinese, such as Zhangsan bale yi ke ya ＇Zhangsan had/got one of his teeth pulled out＇ within the principles and parameters framework of generative grammar. We analyze PSPO as a kind of unmarked passive construction, which is similar to the English get-pas- sive construction. In accordance with the syntactic analysis of the English get-passive construction, we propose that the Chinese unmarked passive construction is a special get-passive construction formed by successive movement of the lexical verb. The difference between Chinese and English is due to the different setting of the parameter of finiteness.