从文化启蒙到社会革命——鲁迅与“现代评论派”的论争及其思想转向

From Cultural Enlightenment to Social Revolution——Controversy between Lu Xun and "Modern Review Faction" and Lu Xun's Ideological Shift

"现代评论派"在20世纪20年代与鲁迅之间的论争,实际上是东、西方留学生之间的思想分歧与论争,是当时不同的文化流派关于中国现代性的不同想象导致的必然结果。他们一方坚持欧美自由主义的社会政治理想,另一方则主张效仿法俄的社会暴力革命方式。虽然文化启蒙曾是双方共同的目标,但是由于鲁迅对文化启蒙的巨大失望,所以在"呐喊"之后已经"彷徨"。这场论争既是鲁迅思想转向的标志,也是其思想转向完成的象征。它意味着鲁迅已经放弃文化启蒙的理想,而主张立竿见影的社会革命。其实,鲁迅并不是一个坚定的文化启蒙主义者,其文化启蒙带有明显的急功近利倾向。

The controversy between Lu Xun and ＂Modern Review Faction＂ in the 1920＇ s is actually ideological differences and disputes between the returned students from Eastern and Western countries, an inevitable result of different imagination of Chinese culture on modernity which was advocated by the different schools at that time. If the ＂Modern Review Faction＂ is called ＂American Pie＂, then the＂ Yu Si＂ that Lu Xun represents is called ＂Oriental school＂. The former insist on the social political ideal of the Europe and the United States libertarian, while the latter advocate Russian social violent revolutionary method. Although the cultural enlightenment is the target of both sides, but due to his great disappointment with the cultural enlightenment, Lu Xun ＂hesitation＂ after ＂scream＂. This controversy is not only the mark of Lu Xun＇ s ideological shift, but also the symbol of the completion of his thought. It means that Lu Xun gave up the ideals of cultural enlightenment ideals, and advocated getting instant results through social revolution. In fact, Lu Xun is not a strong cultural enlightener, his cultural enlightenment has obvious utilitarian tendency.