2010年咸阳某幼儿园水痘的流行病学调查

An Epidemiological Survey of Varicella Occurred in a Kindergarten in Xianyang in 2010

目的分析幼儿园水痘的流行病学和临床特点。方法每1例进行流行病学调查,根据临床表现分典型、轻型典型和轻型不典型3型。结果 175幼儿中发病64例,占36.5%;大一班、大二班,中一班、中二班及小班发病数分别为83.3%、70.0%、33.3%、17.9%、6.7%。其中典型、轻型典型和轻型不典型水痘分别为7,18和39例。7例典型水痘经住院治疗。有水痘减毒疫苗接种史的14例中4(28.6%)例患病,其中2例为典型水痘,与未接种疫苗的患病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。急性期外周血白细胞总数和嗜中性粒细胞比例明显低于恢复期。结论本次水痘发病率以5～6岁儿童为高;临床表现以轻型不典型为多;发病早期可能伴白细胞受损;减毒水痘活疫苗接种者患病率(28.6%)与未接种者患病率(37.3%)比较,差异无统计学意义。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of varicella that occurred in a kindergarten. Methods Epidemiological survey was performed in every child in the outbreak of varicella, and the clinical manifestations were divided into 3 types as typical （TV） , mildly typical （MTV） and the mildly atypical varieella （MAV）. Results Among the 175 children, 64 were ill, accounting for 36. 5% of the total. In the children with varicella, the morbidity of variceUa in classl and class2 of upper kindergarten, class1 and class2 of lower kindergarten, classl and class 2 of playgroup were 83. 3% （25/30） and70. 0% （21/30）, 33.3% （9/27） and 17.9% （5/28）, 10.0% （3/30） and 3.3% （1/30） respectively, among which the number of the children with TV, MTV and MAV were7, 18 and 39, and the patients with TV were sent in hospital. Among 14 people who have been vaccinated against varicella, four （28.6%） were infected, with two TV cases. The difference of TV data between those who have been vaccinated and those who havent was of statistical significance （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The total number of peripheral blood WBC and the proportion of： neutrophil were evidently lower than those in the recovery period. Conclusions The morbidity of varicella is highest among children aged of 5 - 6 years, and most of them are MAV. WBC may be damaged in the early stage of varicella. The difference of morbidity between those who have been vaccinated （28.6%） and those who haven＇t （37. 3% ） was of no statistical significance.