嗅鞘细胞的研究进展

Research Progress of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells

神经损伤与再生研究是当今神经科学领域的热点,在众多研究方法之中,细胞移植为一种理想的研究治疗手段。选择的移植材料是否理想,直接关系到神经再生及其功能恢复。近年来,对嗅鞘细胞(olfactory ensheathing cells,OECs)的研究呈现出如火如荼的局面,对于神经损伤的修复及病变的治疗显示出了广阔的临床应用前景。研究发现,OECs终身具有神经再生功能,还能够释放多种神经营养因子,神经粘附分子等,被认为是髓鞘化能力最强的胶质细胞,它具有星型胶质细胞和雪旺细胞的特点,并迁徙于周围神经和中枢神经,具有促进损伤神经轴突再生的能力,还能帮助神经轴突穿越损伤的瘢痕区域到达损伤的靶细胞,帮助加速神经功能的恢复。本文就近些年OECs的研究进行了综述。

Nerve injury and regeneration is the focus in the field of neural science. Cell transplantation is an ideal research treatment among various methods. Whether the selection of graft material is ideal or not is directly related to the nerve regeneration and functional recovery. In recent years, the research into olfactory ensheathing cells （OECs） shows like a raging fire situation; which has shown broad prospects of clinical application for nerve injury repair and lesion therapy. Studies show that olfactory ensheathing cells have the function of nerve regeneration for life and can also release a variety of neurotrophic factors and neural cell adhesion molecules. They are considered as the strongest myelination of glial cells. They have the characteristics of astrocyte and Schwann cells, and can migrate to peripheral and central nerves to pro- mote regeneration of axon and help the scar zone to reach the injured target cells and the recovery of neurological function. In this paper, the research concerning the recent olfactory ensheathing cell is reviewed.