西方城市网络研究进展和应用实践

Progress and Application Practice in Western City Network Studies

1970年代以来的社会经济变革推动着西方城市网络思想的发展。由于城市地位的提升,"流动空间"对"地方空间"的取代以及网络社会的崛起与城市间关系的发展,在理论界产生了一系列的"网络范式"转型,推动着城市研究与规划政策的持续发展,包括城市区域空间组织方式从中心地范式向"城市网络"范式的转变,城市体系组织原则由等级原则向网络原则的演变,以及城市空间形态从单中心模型向多中心模型乃至网络城市模型的演进等,而这些城市发展实践与城市空间组织思想的变革带来了西方城市网络研究的蓬勃发展。作为一种重要的空间组织形式,"城市网络"在西方国家(尤其是欧洲国家)的空间规划中获得广泛的应用,主导着区域空间政策的发展。本文在详细剖析城市网络发展的现实和理论背景的基础上,重点介绍了城市网络的内涵、构成、特征及类型等内容,并对西方城市网络研究中的理论进展、规划应用和治理策略进行了评述,以资我国城市群体空间研究借鉴和探讨。

The socio-economic change pushed forward the development of western city network theory since 1970s. Based on the promotion of city levels, the replacement of space of flow from space of place, the emerging of network society, and the development of connection among cities, a series of network paradigm shifts driving the sustainable development of urban studies and planning policy, including the shift from central place paradigm to city network paradigm in city-region spatial organization modes, the transformation from order and degree principle to network principle in city system organization rules, and the evolution from mono-centric model to polycentric model to network city model in urban spatial from. It＇s the transformation of urban development practice and urban spatial organization theories that brought about the booming of western city network studies. As an important spatial organization form, city network theory got comprehensive used in western countries （especially in European countries）, and dominated the development of regional spatial policy. On the basis of the detailed analysis of practical development and theoretical background, the article emphasizes on the meaning, structure, characteristics and types of city network, and evaluates the theoretical progress, planning practice and governance policies to provide reference to contemporary Chinese city cluster space studies.