秦汉北部边防建设

The Defence Construction in the North Frontier of the Qin and Han Dynasties

秦汉重视加强北部边防建设,一是边防军队力量建设,派重兵驻防北边,主要有边郡兵、将屯兵、屯田兵和民族兵等,形成了比较强大的边防军事力量;二是边防的军事设施建设,大规模修筑边塞防御工程,建城筑堡,修障造燧,开拓道路,修筑的垣墙、城障、亭燧、烽台、关隘、军用道路和粮秣武库等军事设施,具有战斗、指挥、观察、通信、隐藏等综合功能,奠定了御敌、反击的坚实基础;三是边防经济建设,实施移民实边、积粟输边、军队屯边的移民屯垦政策,增强边防经济实力;四是边防防御能力建设,配置精良的武器装备,提高武器装备的技术性能,采用激励政策,用人以能,考核以绩,晋升以功,对违法失职的边防军追究责任,充分调动边防军提高技能的积极性,加强军事训练,发展骑兵部队,提高军队技术水平,建设精锐之师、无敌之师;五是边防和谐社会建设,对少数民族一方面施以缔约媾和、赏赐怀柔等恩德,另一方面武力征讨,施加威力,示以惩罚,还加强对待少数民族的防御,有备无患。秦汉北部边防建设有两个显著的特点,一是建章立制,二是财政投入力度大,保障了北部边防建设的正常有序进行。秦汉北部边防建设,增强了边防军事力量,提高了边防军的防御能力,有效地抵御外敌入侵,确保了边防的安全,巩固与维护了中原内腹地区的社会安定和经济繁荣,促进了北边地区的经济开发,加速了民族融合。

The Qin and Han Dynasties put more focus on the defence construction in the north frontier, which is manifested in the following aspects. First, it is the construction of frontier troops, that is, massive forces are dispatched, as a result of which strong military forces of defenee is formed in the frontier. Second, it is the construction of military installation, which lays solid foundation for the defenee and antiattack. Third, it is the construction of economy in the frontier. Fourth, it is the construction of defence capability. Fifth, it is the construction of harmonious society in the frontier, which aims at the peace relationship with the ethnic minorities. The two prominent features of the defence construction are system construction and large amount of financial support. As a result of the defence construction in the frontier, the frontier military forces are strengthened and the defence capability is improved, which effectively prevents the enemy＇ s invasion and secures the safety of the frontier, and in turn, the society stability and economy prosperity are maintained and the economy of the frontier is developed and the ethnic integration is accelerated.