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3Donald McQuade, Selections Writings of Emerson, New York: Random House, Inc. ,1981.
4Bradley Jay Cartwright, Young America: Manifest Destiny and the Rhetoric of Race and Gender, 1837—1855 ,History Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, July 1999.
5[美]孔华润.剑桥美国对外关系史:上册[M].王琛.北 京:新华出版社,2004.
6William A. Williams,ed. , The Shaping of American Diplomacy, Chicago: Rand McNally and Company,1972, Vol. I.
7[美]S. F.比米斯.美国外交史:第二分册[M].叶笃义. 北京:商务印书馆,1987.
8Ralph W. Emerson, Complete Works,New York, 1883— 1888,Vol. 7.
