胡适倡导白话文学“惟一宗旨”观背景探察

Exploration of Background of the Only Guideline of Vernacular Literature Advocated by Hu Shi

"国语的文学,文学的国语"是胡适于1918年五四新文化运动高潮时正式提出的新文学革命论的"惟一宗旨"。这一倡导白话文学的宗旨观不仅有个形成的过程,而且它的生成也有着多维的特定背景。近百年来,学术界对此问题有所忽略,某些说法多与史实不符。历史地看,胡适"惟一宗旨"观形成的背景至少有这样相互关联的几个维面:欧洲文艺复兴创造"国语文学"的经验启发;我国古代白话文学传统的发掘与承续;晚清以降国语运动的推动与白话文字的训练;中华民国成立所提供的国语运动与新文学运动相互并进的政治生态。

'Literature of National Language,National Language of Literature' was put forward by Hu Shi in 1918 at the climax of the May 4th New Culture Movement as the only guideline of the theory of new literature revolution.This guideline not only has its forming process,but also has its multi-dimension background.In recent hundred years,the academic community has neglected this issue and some ideas do not correspond to historical facts.Historically speaking,the background under which Hu Shi's only guideline formed has several interrelated dimensions,that is,experience and revelation from 'Literature of National Language' created by European Renainssance;exploration and inheritance of Chinese vernacular literature of ancient times;the drive of the movement of national language and the training of vernacular;the political environment resulting from the foundation of Repubilc of China that the movement of national language kept pace with the new literature movement.