GEO空间碎片的光学观测与精密定位

Optical Survey Technique for Space Dehris in GEO

GEO轨道由于其特殊的动力学特性,有着巨大的应用价值;然而,GEO区域没有类似大气阻尼的碎片清除机制,导致空间碎片的威胁与日俱增。由于地基雷达探测距离的限制,地基光学观测是GEO空间碎片探测的主要手段。介绍了空间碎片光学观测中设备的选取,观测方案的制定,以及相关的图像处理算法;分析了空间碎片精密定位的技术与方法,并对今后的发展进行了展望。为了更好地了解GEO空间碎片的态势,保障在轨运行航天器的安全,GEO空间碎片光学观测方法的研究是一个需要长期深入的课题。

In view of the special dynamical characteristics of geosynchronous orbits, the GEO ring is a unique environment for application. However, in this region there is no naturM removal mechanism for space debris, which has been recognized as an increasing threat for space operations. Concerning the short detection distance of ground-based radar, ground-based optical survey is the major technique for observing space debris in GEO, The survey techniques for space debris observation are introduced in detail, including specialized hardware, survey strategy proposed and advanced image processing algorithm. Several algo- rithms are summarized for separating the blended images in optical space debris observation and removing the smear noise in images of camera without shutter, they all work effectively and robustly. Discussions are made in high order precision positioning methods for space debris, and futhermore the development of these methods is outlooked. For enriching the space debris situation in GEO, and protecting the security of active space operations, the technique for optical survey of space debris in GEO should be further studied.