海水淡化产业外部成本经济性分析及实证研究

An Economic Analysis and Empirical Study of the External Costs of Desalination Industry

随着我国经济的快速发展,部分城市供水短缺问题日益严重,海水淡化是缓解沿海地区水源紧张的有效途径。文中探析了海水淡化的外部性问题并建立了外部成本测算模型。外部成本主要指海水淡化过程中的能量消耗成本、浓盐水及淡化水利用后污水的排放对环境的影响及使用海水水体的价值转换。基于资源外部成本、环境外部成本和机会成本理论分别给出了海水淡化外部成本的测算模型,并结合青岛百发海水淡化项目对其外部成本进行了实际测定(1.42元/m3),为海水淡化项目的全成本测算奠定了理论基础,对沿海城市发展海水淡化提供成本决策参考。

With China＇s rapid economic development, there appears a problem of urban water shortages in some cities, and sea water desalination is an effective way to solving this problem. In this paper we discuss the external problems of desalination and produce an external cost calculation model. The external costs mainly refers to the costs of energy consumption in the process of desalination, and value transformation of the impact on the environment of the discharge of sewage after using concentrated salt water and desalina- ted water, and the use of sea water. Based on the external costs of resources, the environment and the op- portunity cost theory, we have produced an external costs calculation model, which is exemplified in Qing- dao Baifa Desalination Project and its measurement of the actual external costs （1.63 yuan/m3）. This will lay a theoretical foundation for the calculation of full cost of sea water desalination project, and provide ref- erence for cost decision-making in the coastal urban development of desalination projects.