日汉自动词被动句对比分析

A Contrastive Analysis of the Passive Sentences with Intransitive Verbs in Japanese and Chinese

无论在汉语中还是在日语中,由自动词充当谓语的被动句都是被动句在语用上的扩展,但二者在结构、语义和语用上都存在明显差异。汉语的自动词被动句,其实是用"被"字引进引发谓语动词所表状态或变化的原因的,主语是该状态或变化的主体。日语的自动词被动句,是用来表示主语因谓语动词所表动作行为等的发生,间接地遭受麻烦或不利的,主语是间接受事。

Whether it is in Chinese or Japanese language, passive sentences with intransitive verbs as the predicate can be considered as the extension of passive sentences in pragmatics, but both of them are quite different in structure, semantics and pragmatics. In Chinese passive sentences with intransitive verbs, the word ＂bei （被）＂ itself denotes the cause of the state or the change, and the subject is the direct recipient of such a state or change. While in Japanese language, passive sentences with intransitive verbs imply that the subject is the indirect recipient of the trouble or the adversity denoted by the predicate.