中国文学伤春模式的起源——《诗经》中“女子善怀”之解析

The Origin of Lamentations of Spring Model in Chinese Literature——Women's Sentimentality in The Book of Songs

《诗经》中女子善怀的情感,不但是中国文学伤春情感的源起和情感内涵上的源头,而且这些女子善怀诗篇善用比兴,多取含蓄句式,其委婉表意及婉转传情的抒情方式,确立了富有东方色彩抒情诗的审美特色。这种强调自我节制的抒情方式,不仅造就了先秦儒家所倡导的"乐而不淫,哀而不伤"抒情方式,而且还成为中国文学伤春模式的源头,对历代伤春诗词抒情方式的形成,乃至于对中国伤春文学委婉、缠绵风格特征的确立,都起到了重要的先导作用。

Women＇s sentimentality in The Book of Songs is the origin of lamentations of spring model and the source of emotional expressions in Chinese literature.Moreover,the lyrics of women＇s sentimentality are expressed in subtlety,skillful at using bi（analogy） and xing（stimulus）.The lyrical way of expressions featured with exquisite subtleness and tactfulness forms the aesthetics of the Oriental lyric poems.The lyrical expressions of self-restraint not only set up the expressive principle for the pre-Qin Confucians who advocate expressing ＂enjoyment without being licentious＂ and ＂grief without being hurtfully excessive＂,but also become the source of lamentations of spring model in Chinese literature,which offer a lead for the following poems of lamentations of spring with the subtle,tender and lingering style.