《祝福》的存在主义美学阐释

A New Interpretation of Lu Xun's Blessing from the Perspective of Existentialism

人的存在论视角是阐释和理解鲁迅小说《祝福》的新视角,可惜在国内研究界并未得到理想展开,迄今仍未有标志性的代表成果。《祝福》是一部"存在主义"的象征之作,"阶级论"、"礼教吃人论"、"人性拷问论"等都无法真正窥探到《祝福》的真意。《祝福》的象征是人的整体象征,而其象征的最大"支点"则是祥林嫂。祥林嫂是人的意义困境或存在论悖谬性的"哲学化身",她的遭遇使人的意义的悖谬性被逼出了历史的地表。传统中国文化中的"人学思想谱系"后来被扭曲为与人的存在有悖的"道德人学"和"皇权政治人学",《红楼梦》翻古开新创建了"贵情、尚真"的新人学,而鲁迅文学则是《红楼梦》新人学的真正后继者,《祝福》是这种新人学文学的新篇章、新的重大收获。

The existential theory provides a new perspective for interpreting and understanding Blessing,written by Lu Xun.However,the study of Blessing from the perspective of existentialism has seldom been done in China,and the typical works has not yet been published.Blessing is a symbolic work of ＂existentialism＂,and ＂the class theory＂,＂cannibalistic ethics of feudal society＂,and ＂torment of humanity theory＂ cannot probe into the essence of Blessing.The symbol of Blessing is that of the human race as a whole.Moreover,the biggest ＂fulcrum＂ which Blessing stands by is Xiang Linsao.Xiang Linsao is the philosophical embodiment of human dilemma or absurdity of existence,whose misfortunes expel the absurdity of human existence out of the surface of the history.＂Ideology pedigree of human science＂ of traditional Chinese culture is distorted to ＂moral human science＂ and ＂imperial politics of human science＂,which are deeply perverse to human existence.A Dream of Red Mansions established new humanity theory advocating ＂cherishing affection and admiring truth＂,and Lu Xun＇s literary works inherited the new humanity in A Dream of Red Mansions.Blessing is the new chapter and new significant gains of the literature of the new humanity.