女性与植物学的传播和发展(1760—1830)

Women’s Engagement in Science Popularization and Research in Botany(1760—1830)

科学在18世纪的欧洲文化中盛行,其中植物学似乎更具女性气质,在社会看来更适合女性参与。林奈性分类系统和双名制命名法的确立简化了植物学,使植物学更加容易学习。18世纪60年代,林奈植物学流行于欧洲尤其是英国,大量女性参与到植物学的学习、研究和传播中,一直持续到19世纪30年代,植物学开始职业化和男性化。受到卢梭《植物学通信》的影响,女性作家们以书信和对话体的形式撰写了大量植物学普及读物。女性投身植物学的原因各异,但她们在参与植物学的传播和研究中同样都面临性别的困境。

During the 18th century, when enlightenment science became a cultural fashion in Europe, Linnaeus＇s sexual system and binomial nomenclature were established, which made botany easier to have access. From 1760s to 1830s, Linnaean botany was fashionable in Europe especially in England. With its feminine characteristics and under the influence of Rousseau, many women engaged in the learning, research and popularization of botany. They wrote a lot of popular botanical books, most of which were in the forms of letters and dialogues. Those women had different background; however, all of them faced difficulties because of their gender.