涂尔干“二分”宗教社会观

Revised Durkheim's "Two Points" View of Religious Sociology

涂尔干在其专著《宗教生活的基本形式》中,从功能学的角度批判了当时占主导地位的两大宗教起源论——泛灵论和自然崇拜论,指出图腾崇拜才是宗教最基本、最原始的形式。涂尔干重新定义了宗教神圣与凡俗的双重性本质,认为宗教既是对某种神圣的象征力的信仰,又是对宗教化了的凡俗的凝聚力的信仰,是自然与人类的统一、物质与道德的统一,更是个体心理与集体社会的统一。

Durkheim, in his religious Monograph named The Basic Form of Religious Life, criticizes two dominated religious origins theory from function of the point of view animism and nature worship, and pointes out that totemism is the most basic and primitive form. He redefines the essence of religion＇ s duality the sacred and the profane, and the religious foundation based on its society. It is the unity of human and nature, the unity of material morality, and, even more, the unity of individual psychology and collective sociology.