再现历史真实——兰克和柯林武德史学的比较研究及其实践合理性

Reappearing Historical Truth: The Comparative Study of Historiography between Ranke and Collingwood and Its Rationality of Practice

兰克的史学体系关注于说明事情的本来面目,即"如实直书",其力求排除主观臆断,让历史本身说话;柯林武德则强调一切历史都是思想史,认为思想与历史不可分割,而历史学家应在对现实、自我、人性的认识的基础上"重演思想",以此获知历史的真相。两者虽各偏于一隅,实则正是作为再现历史真实的综合要素,以促成对历史本身于思想和理论上的辩证式超越和发展。比较分析并取益于兰克和柯林武德史学研究实践之合理性,对于我们今天全面界说和理解史学具有积极的思想启示。

Ranke focused on regaining its true colors, that is , ＂according to the facts ＂ in his system of historiography. He made every effort to remove subjective assumption and let the history speak for itself Collingwood emphasized that all history is the history of thought. He deemed that thought have inalienable relations to history. And historian should rethink the history of thought action on the basis of understanding the real life, knowing oneself and human nature to obtain the truth of history. Although both of their historical study was biased the other way , they actually became the integrated elements of reappearing historical truth, contributing to an dialectical innovation and development compared with history itself in both theory and practice. On ihe other hand , comparing the practical rationality of the history research between Ranke and Collingwood can offer positive implications for us to fully definite and understand the historiography research in contemporary China.