内蒙古东部过渡带大型土壤节肢动物多样性调查

Community Structure and Diversity of Soil Macro-arthropod in the Forest-steppe Ecotone

利用样带法对河北北部,内蒙古东部林牧过渡带不同生境中大型土壤节肢动物群落进行调查,研究过渡带大型土壤节肢动物群落结构及多样性变化。共获得大型土壤节肢动物2 134只,隶属6纲18目,其中优势类群为膜翅目和蜘蛛目,常见类群为同翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目成虫、鞘翅目幼虫、双翅目幼虫、石蜈蚣目和地蜈蚣目,其余类群为稀有类群。大型土壤节肢动物在3个地带中的森林带的种类最高(17类),且对土壤环境响应敏感的稀有类群数最多的出现在植被丰富、土壤疏松和枯枝落叶层厚度最高的森林带(8类),初步认为这些稀有类群对指示土壤肥力质量变化具有巨大潜力。在土壤动物群落多样性研究中,DG指数比Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)更能体现土壤动物群落多样性。群落聚类及排序结果显示,9种不同生境的大型土壤节肢动物群落可以分为3大类:森林类、森林-草甸类和草甸-草原类,同时土壤pH值对土壤节肢动物的类群数影响较大,而土壤温度对土壤节肢动物的个体数影响较大。

To understand the composition and structure of soil macro-arthropod community and diversity of soil mac- ro-arthropod community, soil macro-arthropods were investigated in the forest-steppe ecotone in northern Hebei Province. A total of 2 134 individuals of soil macro-arthropods were collected, which belonged to 6 classes, 18 or- ders. The dominant orders were Hymenoptera and Araneae, Homoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Coleoptera larva, Diptera larva, I.ithobiomorpha and Geophilomorpha were common orders, and others were rare orders. The highest groups of soil arthropod were in the forest zone, and the increased abundance of rare groups in the forest zone with the richer vegetation, higher arthropod abundance and more substantial litter depth, could be interpreted as a reaction to the suitable soil environment. And these rare groups were sensitive to soil environmental changes, which could be regarded as biotic indicators for evaluating soil ecological environment. The DG index was better than the Shannon-Wiener index （H＇） in indicating the diversity of soil fauna community. Using the hierarchical cluster and the non matric multi-dimensional scaling, the nine plots were classified into three groups, forest group, forest-steppe group and meadow-steppe group. The interconnect degree between soil pH and the groups was maxi- mum, while the interconnect degree between ground temperature and the individuals was maximum.