过敏性鼻炎特异性IgE的构成及影响因素分析

The analysis of constituent and risk factors of specificity IgE for allergic rhinitis

目的分析过敏性鼻炎特异性IgW的构成及相关的影响因素，为过敏性鼻炎的预防提供数据支持。方法根据患者的人口学变量、环境暴露因素、家族过敏遗传史、生活习惯等内容设计调查问卷，对疑似有过敏症状的患者进行问卷调查，结合调查问卷与实验室检测结果，分析过敏性鼻炎特异性IgE的构成。采用多因素logistic回归，分析过敏性鼻炎的影响因素。结果年龄段在18—39岁、居住在城市以及具有本科或本科以上学历的人群，过敏性鼻炎患病率最高（18．69％，19．00％，22．62％）。矮豚草蒿过敏原是过敏性鼻炎特异性IgE构成中构成比最大、IgE浓度最高的过敏原（构成比36．30％，几何均值7．4IU／m1）。在控制年龄、生活地区和文化程度因素后，过敏性鼻炎的危险因素有：母亲过敏史、食物过敏史和矮豚草蒿过敏。结论预防过敏性鼻炎的重点人群包括：母亲有过敏史和食物过敏。对矮豚草蒿过敏的人群应及时进行脱敏治疗从而降低过敏性鼻炎的发病风险。

Objective To analyze the constituent ratio of specific IgE and risk factors for allergic rhinitis, and provide data support for the prevention of allergic rhinitis. Methods According to demographical variables, environmental exposures, family allergy history and living habits, a questionnaire was designed, and was used to investigate patients who were suspected of allergy symptoms, we combined the questionnaire survey with laboratory test results to analyze the constituent ratio of specific IgE, and probed into the impact factors of allergic rhinitis by using multivariate logistic regression. Results Patients who were aged 18 to 39, living in the city, and having a bachelor or higher degree, had the highest prevalence of allergic rhinitis （18.69% , 19.00% ,22.62% ）. Short ragweed and artemisia allergens had the highest constituent ratio and specific IgE concen- trations of allergens （22.69%, geometric mean 7.4IU/ml）. After the controlling of age, living area and education factors, the risk factors of allergic rhinitis were mother＇s allergy history, food allergy history and Short ragweed and artemisia allergies. Con- clusion The focus groups which need the prevention of allergic rhinitis include people whose mothers have allergy history and food allergies. People allergic to short ragweed Artemisia should have desensitization treatments which reduce the risk of allergic rhinitis.