中国近代化商办煤矿的艰难发轫——以徐州近代化煤矿早期经营为中心

A Difficult Start in the Founding of Modernized Coal Mine by Modern Chinese Businessmen——The Case of the Early Operation of Xuzhou Modernized Coal Mine

洋务运动时期,清政府为达到"自强求富"的目的,大力发展新式煤炭工业,但苦于资金不足,允许商人以"官督商办"的模式参与煤矿的创办。在这样的背景下徐州近代化煤矿开始起步,在具体经营中煤矿的创始人胡恩燮父子一改惯例,坚持完全商办的原则,从而使企业具有明显"商办"的特点。但却因时代的局限性,最终无法摆脱对封建政治势力的依赖。徐州近代化煤矿的事例,也是中国近代商办煤矿艰难起步的一个缩影。

During the Westernization Movement,the Qing Government developed the new coal industry vigorously for the purpose of ＂self improvement and abundance＂.However the lack in funds allowed the merchants to involve in coal mines with the model of the operation form supervised by government and managed by businessmen.The Xuzhou modernized coal mines started in this context,Hu En Xie and his son were the founders of the coal mines,who changed the practice and adhered to the principle of being fully commercial in the specific business.For this,the enterprise had obvious ＂commercial＂ characteristics.But because of the limitations of the era,the Xuzhou Modernized mines could not get rid of the dependence on the feudal political forces ultimately.The example of the modernized coal mines in Xuzhou was a microcosm of modern Chinese commercial coal with difficult starting.