产业集聚对教育回报与工资水平的影响——基于我国服务业与制造业集聚的比较分析

Agglomeration,Returns to Education and Level of Wages:A Comparative Analysis of Service and Manufacture in China

根据马歇尔集聚效应理论,使用我国31个省级行政区19个行业2003-2009年的面板数据进行实证研究,探索了服务业与制造业集聚对工资的影响;之后,通过引入教育指标,进一步验证集聚对教育的工资回报的影响,这样区分了马歇尔集聚中劳动力市场共享和知识外溢对工资的影响机制。研究发现,服务业集聚对教育回报无显著影响,但是却显著提高了本行业的工资水平,体现了马歇尔集聚中的技术外溢效应;相反,制造业集聚会压低本行业工资水平,但却显著提高了该行业教育回报,体现了劳动力市场共享效应。中西部地区的产业集聚对工资的提高作用更加明显。

This paper investigates the effects of service agglomeration and manufacture agglomeration on level of wages in Chinese cities based on the Marshall＇s ＂three-pillar＇doctrineof agglomeration. Our empirical study uses a panel data from 2003 to 2009 including 31 provinces nd 19 industries. After investigating the effects of agglomeration on level of wages, we go further to study the effects of agglomeration on wage returns to education, through which we can distinguish the two kinds of MAR agglomeration effects labor market pool and knowledge spillover. At the same time, we compare the different influence on wage of service and manufacture agglomeration. The results suggest that service agglomeration can rise the own industry wage but cannot changes the returns to education, which means that MAR agglomeration affect the wage through knowledge spillover in service sector. To the contrary, manufacture agglomeration may bring down the own industry wage but raise the returns to education, which means that MAR agglomeration af fect the wage through the labor market pool in manufacture sector. The results also suggest the level of wages raised by agglomeration more significantly in middle and west of China.