美国城市轨道交通的安全统计与事故调查制度

Urban Rail Transit Safety Statistics and Accident Investigation System in the United States

安全统计和事故调查是城市轨道交通运营管理的两个重要方面。介绍了美国的城市轨道交通安全法规中城市轨道交通安全统计报告和事故(事件)调查的规定。其中事故和安全统计包括了事故分类、安全统计分析;事故调查报告包括了调查程序要求、监管机构授权调查、独立调查和国家调查以及整改计划等内容。提出我国应依法建立城市轨道交通安全统计和报告制度,建立省市一级独立的安全监管机构、独立的事故调查制度、公开与保密相结合的事故信息管理制度。

Safety statistics and accident investigation are two important aspects in the operation and management of urban rail transit. In this article, an urban rail safety statistics report and investigation provisions of accident/incident in the U. S is described. Urban rail transit safety regulation includes the classification of accidents, safety statistical analysis; while accident investigation and reporting includes investigative procedures requirements, the investigation au- thorized by a State Oversight Agency （SOA）, independent SOA investigations and national transportation safety broad investigations, as well as the content of the corrective ac- tion plan. Urban rail transit safety statistics and reporting system established by American law is presented, which re- quires the establishment of an independent oversight agency in the provinces, and an independent accident investigation system, a combination of public and confidential incident information management system in China.