东欧中亚国家阶级结构的变化

Changes of Class Structure in East European and Central Asian Countries

东欧中亚国家的社会面貌已经发生了全面而深刻的变化 ,阶级结构的变化便是这其中的重要内容。在推动阶级结构发生改变的诸多因素中 ,这些国家的历史传统、所确立的目标模式以及所推行的实际政策和具体操作方式发挥了突出的作用。今天东欧中亚国家阶级结构的面貌可以概括为 :两大基本板块 (即“上流社会”与“下层社会”的二元格局 )、四个主要阶级 (即官僚阶级、官僚资产阶级、新兴的资产阶级和小资产阶级以及雇佣劳动阶级 )。无论是就种类还是就属性而言 ,这些社会集团时下都带有鲜明的转型社会的特征。

Dramatic changes have taken place in East European and Central Asian countries, resulting in completely new social features. The change in class structure is a major one. Among the various factors that have led to this change are historical traditions, objectives for the intended social mode, policies and ways of implementing these policies. In East European and Central Asian countries today there exist two divisions and four classes, all of which are marked by features of the new society.