中俄黑龙江—阿穆尔跨境地区寒温带表土孢粉研究

MODERN POLLEN DISTRIBUTION IN THE HEILONGJIANG-AMUR COLD-TEMPERATE REGIONS OF CHINA AND RUSSIA

文中对黑龙江北部-俄罗斯阿穆尔地区进行了表土孢粉分析,采样点共40个,样点的地理分布覆盖了5种主要的植被类型,分别是落叶针叶林、常绿针叶林、针阔混交林、落叶阔叶林、湿地沼泽。每个样点同时在野外进行了植被类型描述和覆盖度统计。结果表明,该地区寒温带植被的表土花粉组成中,占优势的木本花粉主要有针叶类的Pinus,Larix,Picea和Abies;阔叶类的主要为Betula,Quercus等;草本以Cyperaceae和Artemisia为主,这些组分与植被中的建群植物类型基本一致。花粉的植被代表性R值结果表明,桦木属具有超代表性,松属花粉代表性中等,落叶松和云杉属为低代表性,栎属、槭树属等的代表性与植被覆盖度相近。花粉的联合指数揭示了柏科、柳属、禾本科、落叶松属等指数较高,而松属、蒿属、栎属、桦木属等联合指数中等。通过降趋对应分析将花粉组合分为三组:1)松属、冷杉、云杉、落叶松、柏科;2)鹅耳枥、桤木属、桦木属、栎属;3)菊科、莎草科、蒿属、禾本科,分别代表了针叶林、落叶阔叶林和湿地沼泽等植被类型,说明花粉组合在植被类型上具有一定的指示意义。乔木花粉的气候因子分析表明,一月最低气温值与乔木花粉关系最密切。

This paper analyses modern pollen rain in the neighbouring regions of Heilongjiang in China and Amur in Russia. Some 40 surface soil samples were collected and their pollen was studied, from locations where the major categories of vegetation were typically developed. These are deciduous coniferous forest, evergreen coniferous forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, and wetland. The results show that the modern boreal pollen rain is derived primarily from the coniferous taxa Pinus, Larix, Picea, and Abies, together with broad-leaved deciduous trees such as Betula and Quercus and herbs of Cyperaceae and Artemisia. This is all comparable with the local kinds of actual vegetation.