不同保水措施下油茶林地土壤水分的日变化规律

Daily variation regularity of soil moisture of Camellia oleifera forest land under different water-retention treatments

为了科学经营油茶林,采用覆地膜+稻草、覆地膜、覆稻草、松土这4种保水措施,以油茶树行间空地作为对照,就不同保水措施对6年生油茶林地土壤各层水分含量的影响情况进行了试验、观测与分析。结果表明:油茶植株耗水量明显大于矮杂草,对油茶林地采取保水处理具有重要意义;覆地膜+稻草、覆稻草、覆地膜、松土这4种保水措施都能不同程度地改善油茶林地土壤各层的水分状况,夏季晴天9:00～10:00时,在0～10 cm的土层中,不同保水措施的保水效果从大到小依次为覆稻草>覆地膜+稻草>松土>覆地膜,10～20 cm的土层中则以覆地膜+稻草处理的含水量为最高;而在13:00～14:00这一时间段,覆稻草处理对0～30 cm土层中的水分能起到保护作用,覆地膜+稻草处理对10～30 cm土层的保水效果也较好,而松土处理对深层土壤水分的保持效果更好;16:00～17:00时,在0～10 cm的土层中,覆稻草处理的土壤含水量较高,10～30 cm的土层中,覆地膜+稻草处理的含水量相对更高些,30～40 cm的土层中,覆稻草和松土处理的含水量均高。结合油茶根系的分布情况,观测分析各测定时间段土壤各层的水分变化动态后认为,覆稻草和覆地膜+稻草是4种保水措施中相对较好的保水措施,且覆稻草是最经济最环保的保水措施。

In order to scientific management of Camellia oleifera forest, taking space between lines of C. oleifera as control, effects of different water-retention treatments on various layers of soil moisture of 6-year-old C. oleifera forest were observed and analyzed, including covering plastic film and straw, covering plastic film, covering straw and loosening. The results showed that water consumption in C. oleifera was obviously greater than dwarf weed, so using water conservation had important significance. The four different water-retention treatments could improve soil moisture in different soil lays at various degrees. In sunny summer, the order of effect of water-retention from high to low was covering straw, covering plastic film and straw, loosening, covering plastic film at 9：00-10：00, and moisture content in 10-20 cm soil lay was the highest by covering plastic film and straw measure. At 13：00-14：00, covering straw had water- retention effect on 0-30 cm soil lay, covering plastic film and straw also had better water-retention effect on 10-30 cm soil lay, but loosening had the best effect on deeper soil lay, At 16：00-17：00, water content was higher by covering straw measure in 0-10 cm soil lay, covering plastic film and straw measure had higher water content in 10-30 cm soil lay, covering straw and loosening measures had higher water content in 30-40 cm soil lay. Based on C. oleifera root system distribution status and soil moisture dynamic change at every periods, covering straw and covering plastic film and straw measures were considered as relatively good water-retention measures in all of the four treatments, and covering straw was the most economic and environmental protection water-retention treatments.