南京政府时期西南地区的团阀政治——以四川重庆地区团阀为个案的考察

Politics of local militia lords in the southwest China in the period of Nanjing Government:a case in Chongqing,Sichuan

团阀政治是在四川防区制时代社会动荡不安的时代背景和社会环境下,一部分地方名流借地方自治办理团防武装,和中央集权官僚行政衰微甚至笼络地方名流之机,垄断地方行政事务而形成的特殊历史现象。在铲除团阀后,刘湘当局通过强化县级行政对地方团防的督导权,把团防改造为平时负责社会治安、战时承担战争勤务职能的社会保障工具。

The politics of local militia lords was a special historical phenomenon formed in the unsettled social condition in the Sichuan defense-area-system times. Some prominent persons, taking advantage of the weakness of the centralized bureaucratic ad- ministration of the central government, organized some armed forces and monopolized the local administrative affairs. The clash a- mong army groups was a variant of the tangled warfare among warlords. After eradicating the militia lords, Liu Xiang＇s government, by strengthening the supervising right of county-level administration over the local militia defense, reformed the militia defense to be the social security tool, which was responsible for social security when in peace and shouldered the service function when at war.