孕前体重、孕期增重与新生儿出生体重的关系

Relationships between pre-pregnant weight, weight gain during pregnancy and birth weight

目的探讨孕前体重和孕期增重对新生儿出生体重及身长等的影响,为降低巨大儿发生率、减少妊娠并发症提供临床资料。方法用自编问卷调查929例足月单胎产妇的孕前体重和孕期增重,随访至分娩。记录新生儿出生体重、身长、头围、胸径等体检数据,运用SPSS软件分析孕前体重、孕期增重与新生儿出生体重等的关系。结果①孕前低体重组新生儿出生体重、身长、头围、胸径、巨大儿发生率均明显低于理想体重组和超重组(P<0.05)。②孕期增重过多组巨大儿发生率、头围、胸径均明显大于增重不足和增重正常组(P<0.01),而3组间新生儿出生体重,身长两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05),即孕期增重越多新生儿出生体重越大,身长越长。③孕前低体重和正常体重的孕妇随着孕期增重过多,其新生儿出生体重、身长、头围、胸径明显增大。结论孕前体重,孕期增重均与新生儿出生体重及身长等发育指标有关。孕妇应根据自身条件注意调整孕期的增重范围,以便获得良好的妊娠结局。

Objective To investigate the effect of maternal pre-pregnant weight and weight gain during pregnancy on birth weight and provide research data for reducing the occurrence of macrosomia and complications of pregnancy. Methods The self-complied questionnaire was used to ask 929 pregnant women of full-term single fetus, including pre-pregnant weight, weight gain during pregnancy etc. The delivery was followed up and the birth weight, length, head circumference, diameter at breast height （DBH） were recorded. Then by using the SPSS software,the relationships between pre-pregnant weight, weight gain during pregnancy and birth weight analyzed. Results ①The birth weight, length, head circumference, DBH, and the incidence of macrosomia of low maternal pre-pregnant body weight group were significantly lower than that of normal and overweight groups （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; ② The incidence of macrosomia, head circumference, DBH of excessive weight gain during pregnancy group were significantly greater than that of low and normal weight gain groups （P 〈 0. 01 ）. The neonatal birth weight, and length differences among the three groups were significant by muhiple comparisons （P 〈 0. 01, P 〈 0.05 ）. That was, the more weight gained during pregnancy, the greater birth weight and the longer length. ③ The women who gained excessive weight during pregnancy in low and normal maternal pre-pregnant body weight groups got their birth weight, length, head circumference, and DBH increased significantly. Conclusion Pre-pregnant weight and weight gain during pregnancy are both associated closely with neonatal birth weight, length and other indicators of development. Pregnant women should pay more attention to the range of weight gain during pregnancy according to their own conditions in order to get better pregnancy outcomes.