苗族青少年体成分分析

Analysis of body composition in Miao nationality students

目的：了解湘黔边区苗族青少年皮褶厚度和体成分的发育规律和特点。方法：采用人体测量方法，测量了1896名湘黔边区苗族青少年的体质量、肱三头肌、肩胛下、髂前上棘和腓肠肌皮褶厚度，利用长岭方程和Brozek公式估测体成分。结果：随年龄增长，男生皮褶厚度变化幅度较小，而女生的皮褶则持续增厚，除6～岁组外，各年龄段女生皮褶厚度高于男生，多数年龄段差异有统计学意义；各个年龄段体密度男生高于女生，体脂比女生高于男生；体脂肪含量女生高于男生，除7、9岁组外，其余组差异均有统计学意义；6～11岁瘦体质量女生高于男生，而13岁以后男生高于女生。结论：湘黔边区苗族青少年皮褶发育特点符合青少年生长发育的一般规律，其皮褶厚度和体成分发育存在性别和地区差异。

Objective： To analyze the patterns and features of the growth of skinfold thickness and body composition in Miao nationality students. Methods：1896 Miao nationality students aged 6-16 years were randomly selected from the Border Region of Hunan and Guizhou. Their triceps, subscapular, anterior superior iliac spine and gastrocnemius skinfolds were measured and their body compositions were estimated by using Changling Equation and Brozek Formula. Results： The skinfold thickness of males had a relatively minor change, while those of females continued to be rising with the growth of the age. As compared to the males of the same age, the females had higher value of skinfold thickness （except the 6-year old group）. There was obvious difference in skinfold thickness between two genders; With aging, the body density of males was higher than that of females, while the body fat rate of females was higher than that of males. There were also significant differences among various groups except the 7-year and 9-year age groups in body fat. Female＇s lean body mass in each age group was higher than that of male age group of 6 to 11 years, while the lean body mass of males was significantly higher than that of female of 13-year old group and other elder groups. Conclusion.. This survey shows that the growth features of skinfold in Miao nationality students are in conformity with those of other regular adolescent students, while there are gender difference and regional difference with respect to growth of skinfold thickness and the development of body composition.