武陵山区苗族儿童青少年Heath-Carter体型分析

Analysis on somatotype of Miao children and adolescents by Heath-Carter method in Wuling mountain areas

目的：探讨湘鄂渝黔边区苗族儿童青少年体型发育特征及其规律。方法：应用Heath-Carter体型法对1896名苗族青少年进行体型评价。结果：男性中因子值大于女性，内因子值小于女性；男性体型以中胚层为主，女性体型以中胚层和内胚层为主；随着年龄增长，男性由偏内胚层的中胚层体型、均衡的中胚层体型发展为偏外胚层的中胚层体型，女性由偏内胚层的中胚层、均衡的中胚层、三胚层中间型、内胚层一中胚层均衡型发展为偏中胚层的内胚层体型。结论：苗族青少年男、女性的体型发育存在着差异，男性身体线性程度相对较高，外形上稍瘦削、肌肉发达；女性脂肪含量较多、线性程度较低。与其他群体比较，苗族学生肌肉发达，线性程度低。

Objective： To explore the characteristics and rules of somatotype of the Miao children and adolescents in the bor der area of Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou provinces and Chongqing city. Methods： The somatotypes of 1986 Miao adolescents were evaluated by using the Heath-Carter anthropometric method. Results： The mesomorphy of male was bigger than that of female, and endomorphy of female was bigger than that of male. The primary somatotype in male was mesomorph; while in female was mesomorph and endomorph. With age increasing, male somatotypes developed from endomorphie mesomorph, balanced mesomorph to ectomorphic mesomorph; however in female the pattern was from endomorphic mesomorph, balanced mesomorph, central and endomorph-mesomorph to mesomorphic endomorph. Conclusion： There is a significant differ ence in somatotype between male and female of Miao adolescents. The somatotypes of male are slender with less fat and more muscular; however, females are plumper with more body fat and shorter stature. Miao adolescents have more muscular and less ectomorphic than do other populations.