湘语族群乡村汉族成人的体型特点

Somatotype of Han nationality adults in rural areas of Xiang dialect group

目的：研究湘语族群乡村汉族成人的体型特点。方法：采用Heath-Carter人体测量方法对湖南省双峰县乡村汉族成人410例（男196例，女214例）进行了体型研究。结果；湘语族群乡村汉族男性平均体型值为3．8-5．0-2．7，属偏内胚层的中胚层型；女性平均体型值为5．1-4．5-1．9，属偏中胚层的内胚层体型。乡村汉族男性、女性内、中因子值均在40～岁组达到最大，外因子值在20～岁组最大。在13种体型中，男性出现率较高的体型为偏内胚层的中胚层体型、内胚层一中胚层均衡体型、均衡的中胚层体型、偏中胚层的外胚层体型；女性出现率较高的体型为偏中胚层的内胚层体型、内胚层一中胚层均衡体型、偏内胚层的中胚层体型。湘语族群乡村汉族男性与广西汉族、云南汉族、达斡尔族、鄂伦春族、蒙古族等族群体型最为接近，与壮族、仡佬族体型相距较远。女性与云南汉族、内蒙古汉族、鄂温克族、鄂伦春族、达斡尔族等族群体型最为接近，与壮族、仡佬族体型相距较远。结论：湘语族群乡村成人具有我国北方族群体型的共同特征。

Objective： To study the somatotype of Han in rural areas of Xiang dialect group. Methods： The Heath-Carter method was used to study the adult somatotype of 410 adults （196 males and 214 females） of Han in Shuangfeng county of Hunan province. Results： The mean somatotype values of the rural males and females were respectively 3. 8-5.0 2. 7 and 5.1-4. 5-1.9 in Xiang dialect group, which respresented the endomorphic-mesomorphy category in males and mesomorphic- endomorphy category in females. Endomorphy and mesomorphy of rural males and females reached the highest value in 40- year-old group, and ectomorphy reached the highest values in 20-year-old group. The top somatotypes frequency of males were endomorphic mesomorph category, endomorph-mesomorph category, balanced mesomorph category and mesomorph endomorphic category, and the top somatotypes frequency of females were mesomorphic endomorph category, mesomorph- endomorph category and endomorphic mesomorph category. The somatotype of rural males was close to that of Han of Guangxi, Han of Yunnan, Daur, Oroqen, Mongol and far away from Zhuang, Oelao. The somatotype of rural females was close to that of Han of Yunnan, Han of Inner Mongnlia, Ewenki, Oroqen, Daur and far away from Zhuang, Gelao. Conclusion： Rural adult of Xiang dialect group has the common characters of somatotype with north China type.