中印经济发展中的收入分配比较:结构性视角

Comparative Study on China and India's Income Distribution Disparity

中印两国收入分配不平等不是总量的差异,主要是两国不平等变化的整体趋势、两国农村内部、城市内部、城乡之间以及地区之间的诸多不平等都有显著的结构性差异和特点。印度的经济增长结构包括技术变化、对外开放、人力资本等因素对于城乡以及地区之间收入不平等变化产生更大的影响和作用;而在中国,发展的政策偏向以及制度安排对于城乡内部以及之间、地区之间的不平等因素则更大一些。对于中国而言,要进一步健全城乡统一的公共政策和社会政策体系,推动和实现城乡经济社会一体化发展;对于印度而言,首要的是要通过进一步实施经济增长战略;同时,需要加快政府治理模式的创新,提高民主政府的善治效率。这是两国在新阶段实现又好又快发展的重要选择。

China and India are different in their national income distribution disparities,which are mainly attributed to the structural gaps and features of the general trends in the intra-rural,intra-urban,urban/rural and inter-regional disparities in the two countries respectively,in which the structure of economic growth plays a greater role in India,while in China the development policy skew and institutional arrangement are the more important factors.China therefore needs to further integrate its urban and rural public policies,while India has to further implement its economic growth strategy,both are important options for the two countries in the new stage of development.