从《醒世姻缘传》看清初学校教育和科举制度

Study on School Education and Imperial Examination of Qing Dynasty Based on Xingshi Yinyuan Zhuan(《醒世姻缘传》)

清初学校教育制度和科举制基本因袭明制,但由于时代和社会的原因,清初在教育和科举制度上又有许多改革和创新。中央官学方面,鼓励纳资入国子监,招收例贡、例监等各类监生;地方教育方面,清代书院、社学官学化程度很高,私塾教育成为科举应试的预备性教育。尤为突出的是这一时期的教育完全为科举服务,不论官学、私学,均以科举为核心,成为科举的附庸。《醒世姻缘传》所记载的文化史料,比较全面地反映了十七世纪中叶(即清初)的学校教育及科举制度的状况。

Qing Dynasty has followed the education system of Ming Dynasty in the main,but also has brought forth new ideas in the education system,as a result of time and society’s reason 窗体底端.In Imperial School,government has e 窗体顶端 eencouraged to entering the Imperial Academy by paying tribute,r 窗体顶端 er ecruiting many kinds of students,such as the students of LiGong（例贡） and Lijian（例监）;窗体底端 in local education system,many kinds of school,for example,Academy,village schools,free schools of Qing Dynasty,have the higher level of the official school,and the private schools’education becoming the preliminary education for Imperial Examination;especially the education in this period,no matter official school and private school,has changed into the appending of Imperial Examination,and the education being given service to Imperial Examination fully.