清代“红楼戏”在戏曲体制上的因循与新变

The Temporization and New Changes of the Dramas of The Dream of the Red Chamber in the Qing Dynasty on the Drama System

清代中叶,根据《红楼梦》小说进行戏曲改编是当时剧坛上的热潮之一,其成品有雅、俗两类,其中分属雅部的昆曲类则更具代表性,包括传奇和杂剧,然又以传奇居多。而明清传奇在其发展过程中,已形成了一些相对固定的格局,单就体制而言,仅在出数和出目、用曲和曲牌、脚色、开场和下场及生旦冲场等方面就有不少具体细致的规范。对于这些规范,《红楼梦》戏曲有遵守也有破之不守的,可谓因循与新变并存。

In the middle of Qing Dynasty, creating dramas adapted from The Dream of the Red Mansion was one of the upsurges of Ja- Tan. These dramas mainly included two types- elegant and popular, but the Kunqu dramas which blonged to elegant part were more repre- sentative. They incuded many Chuanqi and Zaju,and the amount of Chuanqi was more than that of Zaju. It had formed some relative and fixed patterns in the development of Chuanqi of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Only according to their system,there were some very specific and detailed standards in many aspects. For example, the number and the titles of the acts, the use and names of melodies ,the roles ,the begining and end of every act and the acts that the hero and heroine must appear,ect. To these standards, some dramas adapted from 1＂he Dream of the Red Mansion had broken them,but others had still followed them. It may be said the temporization and new change coexist.