5种植物纤维的鉴别方法

The identification for five vegetable fibres

采用纤维化学成分分析、显微镜观察、纤维细度测试、纤维密度测试、热重分析方法对香蕉纤维、菠萝纤维、莲纤维、椰壳纤维和桑皮纤维5种植物纤维进行了鉴别。结果表明:纤维化学组成上,香蕉纤维半纤维素含量为28%～30%,菠萝纤维的脂蜡质含量为3.8%～7.2%,桑皮纤维的果胶质含量为10%～15%,椰壳纤维的木质素含量为41%～45%;纤维形态上,菠萝纤维纵向有缝隙和孔洞,香蕉纤维纵向具有横节,椰壳纤维表面比较粗糙,有白色突起的颗粒,莲纤维纵向有细微横纹,桑皮纤维纵向为细长管状形,表面有横节;纤维细度上,莲纤维为3～5μm,椰壳纤维为100～250μm;纤维密度上,莲纤维密度为1.18 g/cm3,菠萝纤维的密度最大,为1.54 g/cm3;纤维热稳定性上,莲纤维的热稳定性较差,椰壳纤维的热稳定性能最好。

Five vegetable fibres of banana, pineapple, mulberry, coconut and lotus were identified through chemical components analysis, morphological analysis, fiber fineness test, fiber density and thermogravimetry analyses. The result shows that the content of semicellulose of banana fiber is 28% - 30% , the content of lipid of pineapple fiber is 3.8% ~ 7.2% , the content of pectin of mulberry fiber is 10% - 15% , the content of lignin of coconut fiber is 41% ~ 45%. And the surface of pineapple fiber has small gap and lumen, the surface of banana fiber has lengthwise length ,the surface of coconut fiber is rough, the surface of lotus fiber has subtle lengthwise length, the surface of mulberry fiber has tubular shape with lengthwise length. And the fineness of lotus fiber is 3 - 5μm and coconut fiber is 100 25Opera. The density of lotus fiber is 1.18g/cm3 and pineapple fiber is 1.54g/cm3. The thermal stability of lotus fiber is poor and that of coconut fiber is best.