人民的教师与“卡塔西斯”——试论古希腊悲剧中的音乐及音乐观念

People' s Teacher and Kartharsis: Music & Music Concept in Greek Tragedies

古希腊悲剧是西方文学的源头与重要遗产之一,也是古希腊社会与文化生活的重要载体。在作为综合艺术形式的悲剧中,音乐占有重要的成分与地位,悲剧作家本人也是作曲家。这种诗歌、戏剧、音乐、舞蹈融合的艺术观念对后世西方歌剧的产生和发展都产生了不可估量的重要影响。文章结合希腊古典时期(尤其是伯里克利时代的雅典)的社会文化背景,根据亚里士多德等古希腊思想家有关悲剧的理论,对三位悲剧大师的代表性作品中音乐的使用状况及其功能进行初步述评,并试图对悲剧中的音乐实践与古典时代晚期音乐观念之间的关系加以探讨。

A Classical Greek cothurnus is one of the most important sources and heritage of western literature and is the distinctive carrier of ancient Greek society and cultural life as well. As a form of synthetic arts, music plays an essential role in cothurnus. Tragedians themselves are composers. The art concept of blending poem, music, drama and dance together has a great impact on western opera in later ages. Based on ancient Greek cultural background, especially in the age of Pericles, according to some related theories of ancient Greek philosophers about cothurnus, this article tried to analyze some typical works of three masters of cothurnus, and then, explain the usage of music and its functions in the cothurnus. Finally, the article discussed the relation between musical practice in cothumus and musical conception in late music of the Classical period