中国近代佛教的困境与变革

Dilemma and Reform of Modern Chinese Buddhism

由于西方文化的强势入侵、政治上的失势,更重要的是佛教内部的腐败没落,近代中国佛教处于极为严峻的困境之中。为了振兴佛教,佛教界人士纷纷积极探寻和尝试佛教的变革之路。其中,以欧阳竟无为代表的居士佛教和太虚领导的佛教革命最为瞩目,此二者,体现了正本清源和革故鼎新两大不同的佛教变革路向。对于近代中国佛教的变革,从佛教弘化的角度,可以概括为弘法主体二元化、弘法理念世间化、弘法方式多样化等三个方面的特色。近代中国佛教变革的理论与实践,产生了深远的历史影响,为佛教现代化奠定了坚实的基础。

As a result of the western cultural invasion, strong political power, and the Buddhist internal corrup- tion decline, modern Chinese Buddhism is in very serious trouble. In order to promote Buddhism, Buddhist circles have to actively explore and try to change the way of Buddhism. Among them, Ouyang Jingwu represented lay Bud- dhism and Buddhist revolution attracted the most attention. The two reflect the reform from the bottom and innova- tion in two difibrent Buddhist reform directions. For the modern Buddhism change, from the angle of Buddhist devel- opment, it can be summarized as Dharma body duplication,preaching philosophy world ; Dharma means diversifica- tion in the three aspects as the characteristics. Modern Chinese Buddhist reform theory and practice produced far - reaching historical effect for the modernization of Buddhism and laid a solid foundation.