中山市不同职业流动人口艾滋病知识知晓情况及接受干预服务情况分析

Survey of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge,attitude,and intervention services among different occupational floating population in Zhongshan City

目的了解中山市不同职业流动人口艾滋病知识、态度及接受艾滋病相关干预服务情况。方法于2010年采用两阶段分层抽样方法,对工厂工人、建筑工人、餐饮宾馆从业人员、临时雇佣劳动力、娱乐场所从业人员、个体经营者(均为220人)及家政从业人员(50人)共7类职业流动人口进行问卷调查。采用方差分析、秩和检验或卡方检验,分析不同人群的艾滋病知识、态度及接受干预服务的差异。结果共调查1 370人,男性占55.0%(753/1 370),年龄平均(29.6±9.3)岁。85.7%(1 149/1 341)的人听说过艾滋病。艾滋病知识总知晓率为48.5%(665/1 370)。不同性别、年龄、职业、文化程度人群的艾滋病知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。其中男性知晓率52.7%(397/753)高于女性的43.4%(268/617);25～39岁人群知晓率最高(54.2%,322/594);个体经营者最高,为56.8%(125/220),家政从业人员最低,为20.0%(10/50)。文化程度越高,艾滋病知识知晓率越高。仅16.4%(223/1 358)的流动人口选择"同意艾滋病患者留在单位,没什么好担心的"。最近1年,接受过免费安全套派发、艾滋病宣传材料及免费艾滋病检测的比例分别为26.4%(356/1 346)、32.8%(442/1 347)和6.3%(81/1 284)。不同职业接受过3种艾滋病干预服务的比例的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01),娱乐场所从业人员接受过3种艾滋病干预服务中任何1种的比例最高(67.7%),家政从业人员和住宿餐饮从业人员接受过干预服务的比例相对最低,分别为10.0%、13.2%。调查对象获得艾滋病知识的主要来源是电视(67.4%,922/1 370);最希望获得艾滋病知识信息的途径是公益广告(54.4%,745/1 370)。结论中山市流动人口艾滋病知识知晓率和干预覆盖率低,应针对不同职业流动人口特点,加强艾滋病知识宣传和行为干预。

Objective To understand HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitude, and intervention services among different occupational floating population in Zhongshan, Guangdong. Methods In 2010, by two-stage sampling, 220 factory workers, 220 construction workers, 220 restaurant workers, 220 tempo- rary wage labors, 220 employees in public entertainment place, 220 self-employers, and 50 home service workers in Zhongshan were interviewed through a structured questionnaire. Variance analysis, rank sum a- nalysis, and chi-square test were used for data analysis. Results A total of 1 370 migrants were recruited （55.0% male and 45.0% female） , and the mean age was （29. 6 ±9.3） years. The overall HIV/AIDS awareness rate was 48.5% （665/1 370）. The HIV/AIDS awareness rates across gender, age, education and occupation were all significant different （P 〈 0. 01 ）. The awareness rate in male was 52. 7% （397/753）, higher than that in female （43.4%, 268/617）; the awareness rate of floating population aged 25 -39 years was 54. 2% （322/594） ; the awareness rate of self-employers was the highest （56. 8% , 125/220）, while the home service workers the lowest （20. 0%, 10/50） ; the higher the education level, the higher the awareness rate. Only 16. 4% （223/1 358 ） of the migrants chose ＂I would like to work withHIV-positive people, and feel nothing to be worried about＂. In the past year, the proportions of getting free condoms, publicity materials, and HIV test were 26. 4% （356/1 346）, 32. 8% （442/1 347） and 6. 3% （81/1 284） respectively, and the differences of proportions were all statistically significant （P 〈 0. 01 ） a- mong different occupational migrants. The proportion of getting one of the three intervention services was the highest among employees in public entertainment place （67.7%）, and the lowest among the home service workers （10. 0% ） and the restaurant workers （ 13.2% ）. Television （67.4%, 922/1 370） was the main media for migrants to receive HIV knowledge, and public service advertising （54.4%, 745/1 370） was the most favorite source of HIV knowledge. Conclusion The I-IIV awareness rate and in- tervention service coverage rate of floating population were generally low in Zhongshan. In view of the char- acteristics of different occupational migrants, measures should be adopted to strengthen propaganda and in- tervention.