豫东南龙卷风时空分布和灾害特征

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Tornado in Southeast Henan and its Disaster Characteristics

根据中国气象灾害大典、年鉴、全国与河南省气候影响评价等文献,对豫东南区域1949-2011年30次龙卷风的历史记录逐个进行了时空分析和富士达分级:63 a来发生于6、7月的龙卷风占总次数的2/3;20世纪80年代集中发生在1984年和1986年,90年代仅1990、1993年没有发生,21世纪前10 a主要是2005年的3次(均为F1级)。有24个县(市)曾有龙卷风光顾过,发生最多的汝南和潢川曾遭遇过5次龙卷风袭击,其他县(市)分别出现1～4次不等。灾害特征是较低级别的F0和F1等级较多,F2等级较少,但发生的概率和强度等级均高于豫西。

Based on document including Chinese meteorological disaster dictionary and yearbook, Chinese and Henan provincial climate impact assessments, the 30 tornado records from 1949 to 2011 in southeast Henan were classified with Fujitec tornado scale and its temporal and spatial distribution were analyzed. Results shows that： in the past 63 years, two thirds of tornadoes happened in June and July; tornadoes in 1980s concentrated in 1984 and 1986, except for 1990 and 1993, tornadoes occurred every year in 1990s, the former 10 years of the 21st century, only 3 tornadoes happened in 2005 （F1 level）. There were tornado records in 24 counties, 5 tornadoes were recorded in Ru＇nan and Huangchuan, which happened the most, the rest counties recorded 1--4 tornadoes. Most of the recorded tornadoes were F0 level and F1 level, there were only a few F2 level tornadoes. The probability and intensity in southeast Henan were both stronger than west Henan.