湖南株洲市绿地景观格局的研究

Study on landscape pattern in Zhuzhou,Hunan

运用遥感和地理信息系统技术,应用景观生态学原理,选取平均斑块最近距离、斑块形状指数、破碎度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数6个景观指数对株洲市建成区绿地现状进行了景观格局分析。结果表明:株洲市建成区平均斑块最近距离值和景观破碎度指数值差异明显,平均斑块最近距离值最大和最小的绿地景观类型分别为社区公园和带状公园,值分别为366.12和79.90。景观破碎度指数值最大和最小的绿地景观类型为生产绿地和综合公园,值分别为414.815和2.836。株洲市绿地景观格局中综合公园、带状公园斑块分布相对均匀,生物多样性高,但同时存在着综合公园、社区公园和街旁绿地景观斑块的功能辐射区域有限、生产防护绿地景观破碎化程度严重、社区公园和街旁绿地的生物多样性弱三大问题。针对问题,提出了株洲市绿地景观优化措施:(1)基于绿地景观斑块功能辐射半径搭建理想模型,合理布局绿地。(2)对生产防护绿地进行整合,强化廊道的联系,降低景观破碎度。(3)对社区公园和街旁绿地进行控制保护,设计富有变化的斑块形状,提高生物多样性。

The landscape pattern analyses of green-land space in the built area of Zhuzhou city, Hunan were conducted by selecting six landscape indices such as plaque average recent distance, patch shape index, fragmentation index, diversity index, advantages of index, evenness index, using remote sensing and GIS technology and adopting landscape ecology principles. The results show that there were obvious differences between the average patch recent distance and the fragmentation index： the landscape types which had maximum and minimum values of average patch closest distance were community parks and belt park, and the values were 366.12 and 79.90 respectively; Theandscaptypeswhihhadmaximumandminimumvauesffragmcntatinindexwerprductingreen-and and comprehensive parks, and the values were 414.815 and 2.836 respectively. In the built area of Zhuzhou, the plaque distribution of comprehensive park and belt park was relatively uniform and their bio-diversity were high but at the same time, there were three main problems： the radiation area of landscape plaque features was limited in comprehensive parks, neighborhood parks, and roadside green space; the landscape fragmentation grade was serious in production and protection green space; there were bad biodiversity in neighborhood park, roadside green space. For problems, the optimization countermeasures were put forward for improving the green landscape of Zhuzhou： （1） building an ideal model based on radiation radius of landscape plaque function and rationally distributing green; （2） consolidating production and protection green space, strengthening the corridor links, reducing the landscape fragmentation;（3） controlling and protecting community parks and roadside green space, designing rich variation of patch shape and improving biodivcrsity.