鲁明善《农桑衣食撮要》若干问题的探讨

Discussion on Issues Pertaining to Nong Sang Yi Shi Cuo Yao by Lu Mingshan

本文在认真研读相关文献的基础上考证指出:延祐元年(1314)至四年(1317)间,鲁明善在安丰路的寿春县编成《农桑衣食撮要》,该书在此时完成并得以刊刻绝非偶然,应与元仁宗所推行的"新政"不无关系。与同一时期流行的《农桑辑要》和《农书》相比,鲁明善的《农桑衣食撮要》具有以下几方面的特点:(一)该书记述的农作物或农事活动大多与江、淮地区有关;(二)该书特别关注蚕桑生产经验的总结和传播;(三)该书记载了不同地区,乃至各民族的农、牧业生产经验,应与鲁明善的维吾尔族属及其生于高昌,长在内地的双重文化背景不无关系;(四)该书除了按时令记述不同时段的农事活动外,还特别关注民间副食品加工、衣物保管、养蜂采蜜等知识的总结和传授;(五)该书对农业生产活动的讲解明晰、生动,文字简洁易懂,为其他农书所不及,这是此书得以流传至今的重要原因之一。

Based on the analysis of substantial amount of relevant literature, this study verifies that Nong Sang Yi Shi Cuo Yao written by Lu Mingshan at Shouchun, Anfeng between 1314 A.D. and 1317A.D. was not a coincidence, which is related to the ＂New Policy＂ of Yuanrenzong. Compared with the contemporary works, such as Nong Sang Ji Yao and Nong Shu, it has the following characteristics. Firstly, the crops or agricultural activities delineated in Nong Sang Yi Shi Coo Yao are mostly associated with Yangtze and Huai River Water- shed. Secondly, it places an emphasis on the production experience in sericulture. Thirdly, it covers develop- ment in agriculture and animal husbandry across multiple regions and ethnic groups, which could result from the fact that Lu Mingshan is Uighur and that he was born in Gaoehang （Turpan in Xinjiang now） and raised in the interior, leading to his muhieultural background. Another focus of the book pertains to folk knowledge of processing subsidiary foodstuff, preserving apparel, as well as apieulture related skills, besides various agricul- tural activities delineated in phenologieal order. Lastly, the illustration of agricultural production in Nong Sang Yi Shi Cuo Yao is made in a vivid and straightforward fashion, which makes it unparalleled and contributes to its popularity up to date.