聚合物纳米复合电介质的界面性能研究进展

Research Progress on Interface Properties of Polymer Nanodielectrics

聚合物纳米电介质以其优异的性能而受到广泛关注,其中聚合物基体与纳米粒子间的界面作用机理成为研究热点。为此,综合国内外研究成果,论述了聚合物纳米电介质中界面区域的重要性,并从界面化学结构、物理结构模型、机械(力学)性能、热力学性能等方面强调了界面区域在电气绝缘性能中的作用机理。界面是纳米填充物与聚合基体之间的纳米级过渡区域,由于其独特的形成机理,其具有与聚合物基体和纳米填充物不一致的理化性质。界面在复合材料中占有主导地位,其微观结构及性能将直接影响复合材料的宏观性能。

Polymer nanodielectrics have attracted much attention because of their excellent dielectric performances. We discussed the importance of the interface region, and analyzed the interaction mechanism between the interfaces and electrical insulation properties from the aspects of chemical structure, physical structure model, mechanical properties, and thermodynamic properties of the interface. The interfaces between polymer matrix and nanoparticles are of the nanoscale transition area. And due to their unique forming mechanism, the interfaces have the physical and chemical properties different from the properties of polymer matrix and nanoparticles. The interfaces play a prominent role in the nanocomposites and can be regarded as the third-phase material. So the microstructures and properties of interfaces directly affect the macroscopic performances of the nanocomposite.