规范与自然之欣赏(英文)

Norms and Nature Appreciation

近年来有关环境美学的著述对如何审美化地欣赏自然加以相应规范,提出了多种建议。这些规范有些属于认知范畴,有些属于认识论范畴,还有一些则属于道德范畴。假设这些建议合理正确,那么在环境美学领域则会产生不同价值之间的互动。本文从两个方面对这些建议加以评价。我们首先需要追问,建议中所主张的规范是否存在,进而在它们存在的基础上从价值审美判断的角度评估其意义。本文提出,欣赏自然的规范中存在着弱式认识论规范,有时它们缺乏与这些规范相联系的重要意蕴,而道德规范的前景则更加式微。不过,本文也认为,有些欣赏自然的形式会展露出一种道德上令人质疑的对于自然的不敬。这种不敬的实质,以及如何有效地在自然的审美化欣赏方面加以限制,都有待进一步探讨。

In recent writings about environmental aesthetics a variety of proposals have been advanced about relevant norms that constrain appropriate aesthetic appreciation of nature. Some of these norms are cognitive or epistemic. Others are moral. If these proposals are correct, then different kinds of value interact in the realm of environmental aesthetics. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate these claims. Such an evaluation inevitably has two parts. One first has to ask whether tile purported norms exist. If they do, one has to assess their bearing on evaluative aesthetic judgments. This paper will argue that there are weak epistemic norms of nature appreciation but they lack important implications sometimes associated with them. It will also be argued that the situation is even less promising for moral norms. But I will suggest that it might be possible to show that some forms of apprecia- tion might exhibit a morally problematic disrespect. I leave it to future work to pin this down and to explore other plausible con- straints on the aesthetic appreciation of nature.