农村留守妇女的社会支持网构成研究——基于16省66县2414名留守妇女的调查

Support Networks for Women Staying behind in Villages:Based on a Study of 2414 Rural Women in 66 Counties Spreading in 16 Provinces

社会支持网是正式的社会保障体系的一种补充。在工业化、城市化的浪潮中,大量青壮年农民进城务工,传统的"男耕女织"演变为"男工女耕",农村留守妇女成为新农村建设的主力军,不得不重构自己的社会支持网。然而,目前国内很少有关于农村留守妇女的个体社会支持网构成的实证研究。本文通过对16个省份2414名留守妇女的抽样问卷调查资料系统考察留守妇女的社会支持网的构成。调查发现:丈夫仍然是"缺席"的户主,构成留守妇女情感支持网、财务支持网的重心;"娘家人"在留守妇女社会支持网中的重要性超过了"公婆",尤其在情感支持和财务支持方面;邻居、朋友都是留守妇女日常交往的主要对象,邻居还对留守妇女的生产活动提供帮扶,而朋友则是留守妇女情感倾诉的主要对象之一。亲属倾向于情感支持、财务支持,而非亲属倾向于交往支持。

Social support formally complements social security system. In rapid industrialization and urbanization, able bodied farmers have left for cities in search of employment, leaving women behind as the main force of building the new countryside and transforming the traditional practice of ＂men plough and women weaving＂ to ＂men toil and women plough＂. Rural women have to rebuild their sup- port networks, a subject that has been under-researched in China. Based on a survey of 2414 women, this paper finds that the husband as the absent ＂head of household＂ is still the centre of gravity in women＇s emotional as well as financial support networks. Women＇s maternal family＇s support exceeds support from their in-laws, especially in emotional and financial areas. Neighbors and friends are all main contacts of support daily though neighbors provide support more in production while friends provide more emotional support. Relatives provides supports in all areas.