我国水工技术发展与展望

Hydraulic Technology Development in China and Its Trend

我国水工技术发展大致可划分为"艰难起步、曲折前进、借鉴提高、重大突破"等四个阶段。目前,我国水工专业基本形成了较为完整的技术体系,已建成世界上最高的混凝土拱坝、碾压混凝土坝和面板堆石坝,水电站装机容量和建筑物泄洪规模也是世界上首屈一指的,超高筑坝、大流量泄洪、超大洞室、复杂地基及特高边坡处理等技术已达国际先进水平。水工技术将向超高筑坝技术与标准,高坝泄洪消能关键技术,复杂地质条件下大型地下洞室群稳定性评价与控制标准,深埋长大隧洞围岩稳定性评价及地质超前预报,超大深厚复杂地基处理,特高边坡稳定分析方法与安全评价体系及风险分析与防范等方向发展。

The development of hydraulic technologies in China can be broadly classified as four stages of tough starting, tortuous development, improvement after learning lessons and breakthrough. At present, Chinese hydraulic specialty has basically formed a complete technology system, the world＇s highest concrete arch dam, roller compacted concrete dam and concrete face roekfill dam have been built in China, the installed capacity of hydropower stations and the scale of flood discharge structures are also the world＇s leading, and the technologies on super-high dam placing, large flood discharge, super- large cavern, complex foundation treatment and extra-high slope treatment have also reached international advanced level. The hydraulic technologies in China will develop in some special aspects of the super-high dam construction technologies and standards, the key technologies of spillway and energy dissipation for high dam, the stability evaluation and control standards of large underground cavern under complicated geological conditions, the surrounding rock stability evaluation and early geological forecasting of deep, long and large--diameter tunnel, the treatment of super-deep complex foundation, and the stability analysis methods, safety evaluation system, risk analysis and risk prevention of extra-high slope in the future.