皮肤过敏原点刺试验1642例分析

Analysis of 1640 cases of allergen skin prick tests

目的对1642例过敏原皮肤点刺试验结果进行分析,为过敏性疾病流行病学研究及临床诊断、治疗和预防提供参考依据。方法对2005-2010年1642例疑为过敏性疾病患者进行16种吸入性过敏原皮肤点刺试验。结果①2005-2010年各年度皮试阳性率最高的前2位过敏原均为屋尘螨、粉尘螨,2008-2010年来霉菌的皮试阳性率逐渐增高。②儿童组(1275例)中动物毛Ⅰ及霉菌Ⅰ的阳性率明显高于成人组(367例),而成人组中杂草、禾本科/谷类、大豚草、树Ⅰ、树Ⅱ、藜科、松属、艾蒿的阳性率明显高于儿童组(P<0.05)。儿童组阳性率最高的5种过敏原为屋尘螨(25.6%)、粉尘螨(25.0%)、霉菌Ⅰ(19.1%)、杂草(15.9%)、动物毛Ⅰ(14.7%)。而成人组则为杂草(27.5%)、屋尘螨(26.4%)、粉尘螨(25.9%)、艾蒿(21.3%)、藜科(19.6%)。结论屋尘螨、粉尘螨是2005-2010年来最主要的过敏原,2008-2010年来霉菌的皮试阳性率逐渐增高,因此对霉菌过敏的防治亦应予以高度重视。儿童组与成人组对不同过敏原的敏感性有所不同。

Objective To investigate the results of 1642 allergen skin prick tests to provide information for clinical diagnosis,treatment and prevention of allergic diseases.Methods Skin prick tests（SPTs）for 16 common inhalation allergens were conducted in 1642 patients.Results ①The positive rates of SPT of DP and DF were the highest in the 16 allergens in the last 6 years.The positive rates of mould mixture increased in recent years.②The positive rates of animal’s fur I and mould mixture I of the children group were significant higher those of the adult group.While the positive rates of adult group of weeds,gramineae cereal,big ragweed,tree pollen mixture I,tree pollen mixture Ⅱ,chenopodiaceae,pinus and mugwort were significantly higher than those of the children group.The common inhalation allergens of the children group were：DP（25.6%）,DF（25.0%）,mould mixture I（19.1%）,weeds（15.9%）,animal’s fur I（14.75%）,while the adult group were：weeds（27.52%）,DP（26.43 %）,DF（25.89%）,mugwor（21.25%）,chenopodiaceae（19.62%）.Conclusion DP and DF are the major allergens in the last 6 years.The positive rates of mould mixture have increased in recent years.There are sig-nificant differences in positive rates of SPT among children group and adult group.