政府管制对要素收入的影响:基于省级面板数据的估计

Impacts of Government Regulation on Factor Incomes:Based on Provincial Panel Data

基于企业决策均衡的理论分析,本文采用中国2003-2010年的省级面板数据,检验政府管制规模对要素收入的影响,结果表明:随着管制规模的提高,居民竞争性要素收入与管制垄断租之比下降;人力资本对劳动收入份额有较显著的正向影响;第三产业占国内生产总值比重增大对提高竞争性要素收入有贡献。政府的管制干预将导致竞争性供给的要素收入份额相对降低,以及非竞争性垄断租份额的相对上升。本文的政策建议是:缩小收入差距的政策着眼点不是最低工资,而是在产品和要素环节取消管制、放开准入。

This paper studies the impacts of government regulation scale on income factor share. Grounded on the theories of firm decision equilibrium,this study uses inter - provincial panel data from 2003 to 2010 to test the impacts of government regulation scale （ i. e. proportion of non - tax revenue to GDP as the proxy variable） on the ratio of residents＇ competitive factor incomes. The results of our empirical research indicate that：（1） as the government regulation scale increases,the ratio of residents＇ competitive factor incomes to regulation monopoly rents decreases ; （2） the human capital has a significant positive influence on labor earnings ; （3） the growth of the percentage of the tertiary industry in GDP contributes to the residents＇ competitive factor incomes,by increasing the supply elasticity of residents＇ competitive factor. The findings imply that the key point to reduce the income gap is not to merely establish an effective minimum wage system, but to relax the regulation on both product and factor markets.