新型食用蔬菜鸟巢蕨嫩叶营养成分检测

Nutritional Evaluation of Asplenium nidus L.Leaves from Hainan Island

采用国家标准方法对鸟巢蕨嫩叶的营养成分进行测定,并与西芹、韭菜、生菜等7种对照栽培蔬菜进行比较分析。结果表明:鸟巢蕨中主要营养成分粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总糖、粗纤维和灰分的含量分别为样品鲜重的2.82%、2.59%、1.56%、1.16%和1.21%。鸟巢蕨含有18种氨基酸,接近FAO/WHO推荐的理想蛋白模式标准;鸟巢蕨的β-胡萝卜素含量为10.4μg/g;维生素A含量为9.9μg/g,维生素B含量为0.7μg/g;维生素C含量为791.2μg/g。鸟巢蕨的矿质元素含量丰富,P和K含量分别为860、4 921μg/g,微量元素Zn含量为5μg/g,Mn含量为9.9μg/g,Cu含量为19.1μg/g。鸟巢蕨的营养价值在多方面均优于7种对照蔬菜。鸟巢蕨是一种符合现代营养学对健康食品要求的药食同源的功能性野生蔬菜。本研究为鸟巢蕨作为野生蔬菜栽培利用和野生资源保护提供了一定的科学依据。

To evaluate the potential of a wild epiphyte, Asplenium nidus L. as a new vegetable for development, the present study determined the nutritional status of young shoots and leaves of the plant species in Hainan and compared it with 7 conventional vegetables in respective parameters. National standard methods for food nutritional determination were employed in the study. Our results showed that the major nutritional components of A.nidus L. leaves and shoots were 2.82% crude protein, 2.59% crude fat, 1.59% carbohydrate, 1.16% crude fibre on fresh weight basis, of which crude protein and fat was 1.2-7.1 and 6.5-25.9 times that of the controls. A.nidus L. contained 18 amino acids at the concentration of 119.6 mg/g, very close to the standard recommended by FAO/WTO. Additionally A.nidus L. contained glutamic acid at 24.0 mg/g and aspartic acid 11.8 mg/g, which were believed to enhance the palatability of the plant species. Some 9 amino acids with certain medicinal effects totally 71.8 mg/g were also present in the crude protein. The A. nidus L. contained carotene at 10.4 μg/g, vitamin A at 9.9 μg/g, and vitamin B at 0.7 μg/g, vitamin C at 791.2 μg/g. Some 9 mineral compositions were detected, including macro elements P and K at the concentration of 860 μg/g and 4 921 μg/g, respectively, and trace minerals, e.g., Zn at 5 μg/g, Mn at 9.9 μg/g ,Cu at 19.1 μg/g. It is therefore concluded that A.nidus L is of high potential as a new vegetable for development with satisfactory nutritional and medicinal implications. The present study provides a good basis for A.nidus L as a vegetable for commercial use and development. Moreover, protection of the wild resources of the plant species is strongly recommended while commercial cultivation is tried.